非谓语动词之动名词

动名词(v-ing)是动词的另一种非谓语形式，它兼具动词和名词的性质，既保留动词的意义和搭配关系，又起着名词的作用。测试的重点在于判断哪些动词或结构要求连用动名词以及动名词的时态和语态。

1．接动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语

1）动词：acknowledge, admit, advise, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, fancy, finish, forgive, imagine, include, involve, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, quit, recall, resent, resist, suggest, understand等。例如：

I would appreciate your keeping it a secret.若你能保守秘密我将很感激。

2）动词短语：can't help, can't stand, couldn't resist, give up, go on, keep on, put off, succeed in, insist on, yield to, confess to, be accustomed to, be(get) used to, oppose to, look forward to, devote...to..., object to, contribute to等。例如：

I can't stand waiting any longer.我再也不能等下去了。

2．固定搭配

动名词还用在下列固定搭配中，如：be busy doing sth., be worth doing sth., burst out crying/laughing, have trouble/difficulty doing sth.(但注意区别to take trouble to do sth.), cannot help doing sth., have a time doing sth.(费很大力气做......但注意区别to have time to do sth.有时间做......), have a bad/hard time doing sth.(做......不愉快), have a good/pleasant time doing sth.(做......很愉快), spend/waste time(money) doing sth., be no/any/some use(good)doing sth.等。如：

Alice was having trouble controlling the children because there were so many of them. 艾丽斯很难管住这些孩子，因为孩子太多了。

3．既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语

这些动词和动词短语有：attempt, begin, cease, continue, intend, prefer, propose, start, hate, like, dislike, love, go on, quit, endure, forget, remember, neglect, demand, need, require, want, try, mean, chance, reGREt, can't bear等。

其中有些词接两种结构，意义区别不大。但需注意，其他词接两种结构，意义就有差别。

1）hate, like, dislike, prefer, love接不定式通常指某一特定场合或一次的事，而接动名词通常指经常性的。如：

I don't like to hear people talking like that.我不喜欢听人这么谈话。

I like traveling very much.我很喜欢旅行。

2）begin, cease, start接不定式通常指动作自动或突然开始或停止，而接动名词通常表示有意识地开始或停止某动作。如：

Suddenly it began to rain.突然下起雨来。

He began talking about his plan for the summer holiday. 他开始讲述他的暑假计划。

3）need, require, deserve, demand和want后往往接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义；接不定式根据句子的需要，可以是主动形式也可以是被动形式。如：

The tools need repairing.=The tools need to be repaired.这工具需要修理。

He needs to see the doctor.他需要看医生。

4）forget, remember, reGREt接不定式和动名词的意义不同。用不定式表示未做的事，用动名词表示已做过的事。如：

John forgot to tell Mary about it.约翰忘了告诉玛丽那件事。

John forgot telling Mary about it.约翰忘记了告诉过玛丽那件事。

5）stop接动名词表示停止正在做的事，接不定式表示停下某事去做别的事。类似的还有go on, quit。试比较：

I really must stop smoking.我一定得戒烟。

Every half hour I stop work to smoke a cigarette.我每半小时停下工作来抽支烟。

6）try, mean, chance后接不定式和动名词的意义也不一样。try接不定式表示"设法"，接动名词表示"试一试"；mean接不定式表示"企图，打算"，接动名词表示"意味着"；chance接不定式表示"碰巧"，接动名词表示"冒险试试"。如：

Please try to understand.请设法弄懂。

Please try using another method.请试用另一种办法。