3. It + seem etc. + that从句
seem， appear， happen， chance 等不及物动词之后常接that 从句,这个that 从句可以看作意义上的主语。例:
It seems that I have been like a boy playing on the seashore. 我似乎曾经像个在海滩上玩耍的小孩。
It appears to me that lefties are more creative than their right-handed fellow humans. 我觉得左撇子似乎比用惯右手的人更富有创造性。
It generally happens that the prettiest birds are the worst singer. 总的来说,最漂亮的鸟,歌唱得最不好。
It chanced that we were not there when the accident happened. 事故发生时,我们恰好不在那里。
这类句子有时候可以改写为以that从句的主语作句子的主语:
I seem to have been like a boy playing on the seashore.
还可以把it seems/appears 放在句子的中间或后部,变成插入语:
I have been like a boy playing on the seashore， it seems.
I have been， it seems， like a boy playing on the seashore.
4. s.+ vi.+-ing form
A. 用在这一句型中的动词,在常见的是go; 而与之搭配的-ing分词,常见的有:shopping （购物）， boating(划船)， camping （露营）,cycling(骑自行车)， dancing （跳舞）,drinking(喝酒)， hiking(徒步旅行)， hunting(打猎)， fishing(钓鱼)， mountaineering(登山)， picnick-ing(野餐)， riding(骑马)， sailing(航海)， skating(滑冰)， skiing(滑雪)， shooting(射击)， rowing(划船)， swimming(游泳)， walking(散步),这些词大多与体育、娱乐有关;此外还有boasting （吹嘘）,farm-ing（务农）,nursing（当护士）,mining（开矿）等。例:
Our family went shopping last summer. We had to buy a new tent. 我们家去年夏天去露营了,我们只好买了一副新帐篷。
Shall we go dancing?我们去跳舞好吗?
She often go shopping on Sunday. 她星期天常常去购物。
You shouldn't go boasting about your achievement. 你不该吹嘘你的成就。
He returned to the west to go farming. 他回到西部去务农。
上面各句中与go连用的都是不及物动词的-ing分词,及物动词的-ing分词也可以与go 连用。注意分词的宾语的位置:
Yesterday we went mountain climbing. 昨天我们去爬山。
For hundred of years， people have gone whale hunting. 人们从事捕鲸已经数百年了。
Shall we go collecting bird's eggs this afternoon 下午我们去捡鸟蛋好吗?
B. go +-ing 的另一个用法是表示两个动作同时发生,渐渐远去;而come +-ing 则表示动作接近;另外一些不及物动词也有类似的用法:
A deep roll of thunder went crashing across the sky and lost itself in the distance. 一阵深沉的雷声在天空中隆隆地响,在远处消失了。
A dull sound came floating down out of the distance.一个沉浊的声音从远处传来。
She lay smiling at me.她躺着冲着我笑。
From time to time some giant trees yielded in the fight and fell crashing through the younger growth. 巨大的树木斗不过狂风,一次又一次地倒下来,压在较小的树木上。
