阅读理解测试题型分析(1)

阅读理解试题目前主要以多项选择题的形式出现。考题依据英语阅读的培养目标，拟定多项选择填空试题，要求按标准化考试的方法，选择并确定正确答案。

实践证明，掌握阅读理解题的解题方法和应试技巧有利于提高答题正确率。阅读理解题目的题型不同，应试时采用的方法、步骤也有所不同。为了方便题型分析，本文所列举实例大多数删繁就简，仅摘录试题短文中的有关内容，有针对性地分析介绍其特点及答题技巧，以便启迪智慧，提高语篇阅读时捕捉信息的能力。

英语阅读理解多项选择题大体上可分为六种类型：1情境型，2语义型，3是非型，4推断型，5主旨型，6语篇型。题型不同，考查的侧重面不同，解题的方法也需要调整。

1细节型

细节型试题主要针对文章的细节，如：时间，地点，过程，原因等提出询问，要求迅速略读后找出所需要的信息。试题内容范围广，涉及面宽。文章中有关时间，地点，人物，事件，数字等具体事实的问题占比例较大。

细节型试题干扰项的干扰系数常因试题的难易程度而有所增减，有的选择项模棱两可，使人举棋不定。该类试题的干扰项常具有以下特点：

a．干扰项与细节部分相似，部分相悖；

b．干扰项内容符合常识，但文中未提；

c．干扰项与细节相符，但不属主题思想；

d．干扰项与细节相同，但不合题干要求；

e．干扰项与细节不符或文中未涉及；

f．干扰项的内容属无中生有或不是重要论据。

解答该类试题的技巧在于：紧扣主题，抓住关键词。那些与主题内容密切相关的选择项往往是正确答案。解题时可以采用查读的方法，根据问题中的线索词查找相关信息，一旦找到所需内容，就停下来，对照四项选择确定最佳答案。

1）查找有关信息

抓住阐述主题的主要事实或信息，这是阅读理解的最基本要求。查找有关信息的试题有的直接了当，有的则需要将事实进行对比，依靠较好的记忆迅速在原文找出有关内容。在解答试题过程中，抓住文章中事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局这几个环节，就能根据题目线索查出细节。这类题一般难度不大，只要仔细阅读，速度达到要求，都能迅速找到所需要的信息。在阅读过程中可以对关键词或重要细节做上记号，以便确定答案时能尽快找出相关部分。需要注意的是，所选答案一定要符合原文内容，切不可望文生义，或者主观臆断。例：

1）In the 1840s，Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depth of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans．

Q：The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in 1840 was __________．

A）to make some sound experiments in the oceans

B）to collect samples of sea plants and animals

C）to estimate the length of cable that was to be made

D）to measure the depths of two oceans

答案：D）

（2）Many economists blame the decline of the inner city on“structural changes”migration to the Sun Belt，shifts from manufacturing to services，competition from overseas．

Q：According to the experts，which of the following is the factor of the urban decay？

A）Competition from foreign countries．

B）People seeking more comfort rather than working hard．

C）Government's ineffective policies．

D）All of the above．

答案：D）

（3）If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go，our task would be fairly simple．The public school system，however，has no such choice，for the jobs must be carried on at the same time．Because we depend so heavily upon science and technology for our proGREss，we must produce specialists in many fields．Because we live in a democratic nation whose citizens make the policies for the nation，large numbers of us must be educated to understand，to support，and when necessary，to judge the work of experts．The public school must educate both producers and users of scientific services．

Q：According to the first paragraph，the task of education is fairly complicated because _________．

A）the current public school system is too complicated to be understood

B）the public school system has no choice of what to teach

C）it is difficult to decide whether elementary science should be taught in public schools

D）the educators have to take care of both ordinary and gifted students

答案：D）

2）归纳或推算数字

该类试题常见的题型常要求通过推理运算，回答有关数字的问题，内容涉及到时间、数量等数字，需要计算方能得出答案。数字归纳或推算试题包括以下两类：

a．短文中列举若干细节实例，要求归纳出总量。

b．提供一个或几个数字，要求计算或推出另一个未知数。例：

（1）The Stone Age was a period of history which began in approximately 2 million BC and lasted until 3000 BC．Its name was derived from the stone tools and weapons that modern scientists found．This period was divided into the Paleolithic，Mesolithic，and Neolithic Ages．

Q：Into how many periods was the Stone Age divided？

A）2 B）3 C）4 D）5

答案：B）

（2）A typical course consists of three classes per week each lasting for fifteen weeks．While attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each sememster．

Q：Normally a student would at least _________attend classes each week．

A）36 B）12 C）20 D）15

答案：B）