1.不定式的一般式作动词的宾语,表示动作后于谓语的动作,或同时发生:What do you intend to do tomorrow 你明天想做什么? I reGREt to say I can't help you. 很抱歉,我无法帮助你。
不定式的完成式作动词的宾语,常常表示一个先于谓语动词的动作。 例:
He pretended to have been a peasant. 他佯装曾经当过农民。
He claimed to have found treasure at the mouth of the Suwanne River， in water sixteen feet deep. 他声称在苏万尼河口十六尺深处找到了财宝。
不定式的完成式用在某些含有“希望、打算、期望”等意义的动词的过去式之后,表示希望做的事没有做。这些动词包括expect， hope， intend， mean， promise， think， want， wish与should/would like等。例:
He hope to have invented new ways to use it for the benefit of people.他原希望发明新方法,利用它造福于人类。
He expected to have seen me last Sunday. 他原希望上星期日见到我。
I meant to have written to you as soon as I got there， but I was too busy to do so. 我原想一到那儿就给你写信,但我太忙了,就没有写。
I'd like to have told her the truth when she was there. 她在那儿时我把真相告诉她就好了。
这些动词的过去完成式后接不定式的一般式也表达同样的意思:
I had meant to write to you as soon as I got there， but I was too busy to do so.
在口语里,我们用这些动词的一般过去式加不定式的一般式:
Please forgive me. I didn't mean to start an argument.请原谅,我不想挑起争论。
另外,expect， hope的一般现在时后接不定式的完成式,表示希望将来某时完成某事 ,相当于将来完成时:
I hope to have learned 3000 English words by the end of this term. = I hope that I'll have learned 3000 English words by the end of his term. 我希望到本学期结束时,学会三千英语单词。
We_________to start our own business， but we never had enough money.
A） have hoped B） would hope
C）had hoped D） should hope
我们原想开办自己的企业，可是钱不够。(B4， 1994.1-46， C对）
be supposed to 后接不定式的完成式,表示“本来应该做某事而实际上没有做”:
Mrs. Brown is supposed for Italy last week.
A)to have left B)to be leaving C)to leave D)to have been left
布朗夫人上周本该动身去意大利了。(B4， 1991.1-66， A对)
The ancient Egyptians are supposed rockets to the moon.
A） to send B） to being sending C） to have sent D） to have been sending
有人认为埃及人在古代就已向月球发射了火箭。（B4，1996.6-37,C对）
（本小节内容曾发表在《英语知识》1989年第6期）
2.不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行:
She pretended to be listening to the music when I entered the room. 我进房间时她假装正在听音乐。
I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem all the time.
A） to go worse B） to be getting worse
C） to have got worse D） getting worse
我宁愿读书不愿看电视;电视节目似乎是越来越差了。（ B4，1997.1-42，B对）
