●确定中心思想
●找出推理中的假设
●从已知事实或前提得出合理结论
●确定推理的准则并将之应用于新的论证
●确定推理的方法或结构
●找出推理的错误及误解
●确定新的事实或论证对现有论证或结论的加强或削弱
●对论证进行分析
一、试题类型
逻辑推理实体的类型一般包括以下几种
1. 有关结论的问题：
The term "pit bull" does not designate a breed of dog, as do the terms "German shepherd"
and "poodle. " It is like the terms "Seeing-Eye dog" and "police dog," which designate dogs ac-
cording to what they do. If you take two German shepherds and place them side by side, you
cannot tell by appearance alone which is the police dog and which is the Seeing-Eye dog.
Which one of the following is the main point of the passage?
(A) German shepherds can be pit bulls.
(B) Pit bulls can be distinguished from other kinds of dogs.
(C) A dog is pit bull because of what it does, not because of its breed.
(D) German shepherds can function both as police dogs and as Seeing-Eye dogs.
(E) Some breeds of dogs cannot be distinguished from other breeds of dogs by appearance
alone.
答案(C)
2. :有关推论的问题
Below is an excerpt from a letter that a medical school sent to an applicant:
We reGREt that we will not be offering you a position at our school. The committee has been
forced to reject many highly qualified applicants because we must restrict our class size to fewer
than 200 students.
Which one of the following can be logically inferred from the information in the letter above?
’(A) Only highly qualified applicants were accepted by the medical school.
(B) The applicant was considered to be highly qualified.
(C) The school had already taken its maximum number of students.
(D) Most of the applicants were highly qualified.
(E) The qualifications of applicants were not the only factor affecting admissions.
答案(E)
3. 有关架设的问题
Schools that train students in technical skills for a specific field of work are more successful,
as measured by the percentage of students that gain employment in full-time jobs in the six
